Pranayama according to yogsutra



Pranayama is the fourth limb of the eightfold path of yoga, as outlined in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. It is the Sanskrit word for breath control, and it is a powerful practice for calming the mind, purifying the body, and expanding the life force (prana).


Patanjali defines pranayama in Yoga Sutra 2.49 as "the regulation of the breath." He goes on to describe three types of pranayama:


Bahya (external): This type of pranayama involves changing the rhythm of the breath, such as by making the exhale longer than the inhale.

Abhyantara (internal): This type of pranayama involves focusing on the flow of breath within the body.

Stambhavrttih (restrained): This type of pranayama involves holding the breath for a period of time.

Patanjali also describes four characteristics of pranayama:


Desa (place): This refers to the location of the breath within the body. For example, some pranayama practices focus on the breath in the abdomen, while others focus on the breath in the heart or throat.

Kala (time): This refers to the duration of the breath. Some pranayama practices involve lengthening the breath, while others involve shortening it.

Sankhya (number): This refers to the number of breaths taken in and out. Some pranayama practices involve counting the breaths, while others do not.

Paridristah (measured): This refers to the evenness and steadiness of the breath. The goal of pranayama is to develop a breath that is long, smooth, and effortless.

Patanjali states that the practice of pranayama should be done after mastering asana, or seated posture. This is because a stable and comfortable posture is necessary for deep and sustained breathing.


Patanjali also mentions that pranayama can lead to the following benefits:


Calms the mind: Pranayama helps to slow down and regulate the mind, which can lead to greater focus and concentration.

Purifies the body: Pranayama helps to remove toxins from the body and improve circulation.

Expands the life force (prana): Pranayama helps to increase the flow of prana throughout the body, which can lead to greater vitality and energy.

There are many different types of pranayama practices, and it is important to find a practice that is appropriate for your individual needs and goals. It is also important to learn pranayama from a qualified yoga teacher.


Here are a few examples of common pranayama practices:

Nadi Shodhana (alternate nostril breathing): This practice involves alternating between breathing through the left and right nostrils. Nadi Shodhana is a good all-around pranayama practice that can help to balance the mind and body.

Kapalbhati (skull shining breath): This practice involves forceful exhalations and passive inhalations. Kapalbhati is a stimulating pranayama practice that can help to cleanse the body and mind.

Bhramari (bee breath): This practice involves humming on the exhale. Bhramari is a calming pranayama practice that can help to reduce anxiety and stress.

If you are new to pranayama, it is important to start slowly and gradually increase the duration and intensity of your practice over time. It is also important to listen to your body and rest if you feel any discomfort.

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